Representing Yourself in Court? Here’s What Not to Do!

Representing yourself in court — also known as appearing pro se — can feel overwhelming at first. Court procedures, legal jargon, and the pressure of presenting your case can make even the calmest person feel anxious. But with the right preparation and mindset, you can advocate for yourself effectively.

Whether you're attending a hearing, trial, or settlement conference, being aware of common mistakes can help you avoid unnecessary setbacks.

Being Unprepared

Many people assume they can just "explain" their situation to the judge and expect an immediate understanding. Unfortunately, court decisions aren’t based on sympathy — they’re based on evidence and organization.

Before you walk into court, make sure you have:

• All your documents neatly organized.

• Copies ready for the judge and the other side.

• A clear list of what you’re asking for (your "requests for relief").

Preparation sends a strong message: you respect the court’s time, and you’re serious about your case.

Letting Emotions Take Over

Court can be emotional. Nobody expects you to be a robot. But the courtroom is not the place for emotional outbursts.

If you raise your voice, interrupt, cry uncontrollably, or use a sarcastic tone, it can shift the judge’s focus away from the facts — and onto your behavior. Staying calm, even when you feel hurt or frustrated, helps the judge focus on what truly matters: the evidence you’ve brought to support your case.

Tip: If you feel yourself getting overwhelmed, pause. Take a deep breath. Then continue speaking clearly and respectfully.

Interrupting or Speaking Out of Turn

It’s hard to stay silent when the other side says something you know isn’t true. But interrupting — no matter how tempting — only hurts you.

Judges value order and professionalism.Interruptions can:

• Make you look disrespectful.

• Cause you to miss important points.

• Disrupt the entire flow of the hearing.

Instead, jot down quick notes while the other side talks. You'll have your chance to respond — and when you do, you’ll come across as calm, prepared, and credible.

Failing to Address the Judge Properly

Small things make a big difference in court. How you speak to the judge — and how you carry yourself — sets the tone for your entire case.

Always address the judge as "Your Honor." Speak clearly, stand when it’s your turn, and dress in professional attire. Skip the casual language, jokes, and slang.

You don’t need to sound like a lawyer. You just need to show that you take the process seriously. A little respect goes a long way in making a good impression.

Not Following Court Procedures

Deadlines, filings, proper notice — these aren’t just technicalities. They can make or break your case.

Common mistakes include:

• Missing filing deadlines.

• Serving documents incorrectly.

• Submitting the wrong forms.

• Forgetting to bring required evidence.

Each court has its own local rules. If you're unsure, don’t guess. Visit the court’s website, ask the court clerk (they can explain procedures, even if they can’t give legal advice), or seek help from a legal support service.

Being organized and following court rules not only protects your rights — it also shows the judge you are serious, responsible, and prepared.

Setting Yourself Up for Success

Representing yourself isn't about being perfect — it’s about showing up prepared, respectful, and ready to advocate for your position. The judge knows you’re not a lawyer. What they’re looking for is someone who takes the process seriously and stays focused on the facts.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you’ll give yourself the best possible chance of success. And remember: you don’t have to be perfect. You just have to be prepared.

If you ever feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure what to do next, there are resources and support services available to help guide you through the process. The more prepared you are, the more confident you'll feel walking into the courtroom — and the stronger your case will be.